Low-GWP refrigerants and advanced heat pumps are gaining attention to replace or integrate existing heat pumping and water heating technologies while meeting electrification and decarbonization targets. Assessing new equipment requires realistic building loads, climate conditions, utility rates and operating costs among other aspects. This lecture will present a systematic methodology to compare conventional heat pumping technologies and advanced systems while accounting for realistic building behaviors, user schedules, climate conditions and utilities. The analyses yield quantitative investigations of performance trade-offs of climate-based equipment solutions, and investigation of a broad range of emerging technologies with realistic benchmark cases (building type, climates, load profiles, performance rating).
